Understanding Dental Implant Components – A Comprehensive Guide

Dental implants have fast become the go-to method of replacing missing teeth. The procedure is so popular that approximately 450,000 implants are placed each year. While this is a reassuring fact if you’re new to the procedure, familiarizing yourself with dental implant components can help unravel the intricacies of the process and set realistic expectations. So, let’s dive in and take a look.

You’ll have noticed that we use the words ‘dental implant components’ and that’s because a dental implant consists of three key parts: the fixture, abutment and crown.

The implant fixture

Also known as an implant post, the fixture is a small metal rod shaped like a screw that's embedded into the jawbone where it acts as a replacement for the tooth root. It’s typically crafted from titanium, a material that integrates smoothly with bone, although zirconia might be considered for patients allergic to titanium.

This post serves as the foundation of a dental implant. Once surgically placed into the jawbone, and over several weeks or months, a biological process called osseointegration occurs, where the surrounding bone fuses with the implant post. This fusion creates a strong and permanent bond, much like a natural tooth root. The biocompatible material ensures that the post is accepted by the body and resistant to corrosion and wear, providing a stable anchor for the entire implant.

It’s vital that osseointegration has occurred successfully and the implant has stabilized before the next stage of the dental implant process can take place.

Dental implant abutment

This connector piece is the second of the dental implant components and plays a pivotal role in securing the implant crown to the fixture. There are various types of abutments including cement-retained, screw-retained and ‘screw-mentable’ with each offering different benefits. The abutment is customised and angled to ensure the crown aligns perfectly with the surrounding teeth to provide a natural bite. While abutments are manufactured from various materials,  titanium and zirconia are the most common.

The abutment serves another equally significant purpose: that of a shock absorber or cushioning device. A typical human bite can exert over 1100 Newtons of force, which could lead to excessive pressure on the implant post and potential fracture. To prevent this, it's vital to manage and cushion the bite force, and that's where the abutment comes in. It effectively distributes the force across the implant and into the jawbone. While sometimes the abutment is attached to the post simultaneously, more commonly, it's screwed into the post after osseointegration (bone fusion) has occurred.

In essence, the abutment serves as a connector between the implant post and the crown, guaranteeing that the final restoration is both functional and visually appealing.

The implant crown

The implant crown is often considered by patients to be the most important of the dental implant components. This is because it’s the visible part of the dental implant that people can see when the implant process has been completed. It’s also the most expensive.

Crowns are typically made from porcelain or ceramic materials that mimic the look and translucency of natural teeth. A well-made crown restores full chewing function and maintains the alignment and spacing of surrounding teeth. Custom-made to match the size, shape, and color of your existing teeth, crowns ensure a seamless and natural appearance.

While the dental implant fixture can potentially last a patient’s lifetime, a dental crown has a shorter shelf life of approximately 10 years depending on the material used, its location in the mouth, and general wear and tear.

How the dental implant components work together

The implant post, abutment, and crown collaborate to form a robust and long-lasting solution for a missing tooth. The post offers a solid base for the restoration, while the abutment links the post to the crown. The crown, which is the visible portion of the dental implant, provides a natural-looking smile.

How implants remain in the mouth

Dental implants are secured in the mouth through two methods:

Osseointegration: This process involves the implant post fusing with the jawbone as bone cells grow around and adhere to it, forming a strong bond. Osseointegration takes several months and is the primary means of retaining dental implants.

Abutment screw: A small screw that connects the abutment to the implant post, offering extra retention and stability for the dental implant.

Advantages of dental implants

Dental implants are more beneficial in several ways than other tooth replacement options such as bridges or dentures:

• Improved functionality: Dental implants enable patients to eat, speak, and smile confidently.
• Enhanced appearance: They feel and look like natural teeth, offering a more pleasing aesthetic.
• Longevity: With proper care, dental implants can last a lifetime.
• Better oral health: Dental implants help preserve the jawbone and prevent gum disease.
• Easy to care for: Brush twice a day, rinse with mouthwash and floss regularly, just as you would with your natural teeth.

Schedule your dental implant consultation today

Understanding how the dental implant components work together can help you see the amazing complexity and effectiveness of dental implants.

If you’re thinking about dental implants, book a free consultation with Dr. Melba Akinwande and our skilled team at Chesterfield Dentistry. During your initial appointment, we’ll discuss your unique needs and develop a customized treatment plan to restore your smile and confidence. Reach out to us today to learn more about dental implants and take the first step toward a radiant smile.